website: Catalog of Fishes, 17-Mar-2003; http://www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/
database: NODC Taxonomic Code;
Eschmeyer, William N. 1990-01-01. Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, CA, USA. iii + 697. 0-940228-23-8. .
Compagno, Leonard J. V. / Hamlett, William C., ed. 1999-01-01. Sharks, Skates, and Rays: The Biology of Elasmobranch Fishes. Johns Hopkins University Press. Baltimore, Maryland, USA. 471-498. 0-8018-6048-2. .
Compagno, Leonard J. V. 2001-01-01. FAO Species Catalogue for Fishery Purposes, no. 1, vol. 2. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. viii + 269. 92-5-104543-7. .
Compagno, Leonard J. V. 1984-01-01. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 4, pt. 1. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. . . .
Nelson, Joseph S. 1994-01-01. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons. New York, New York, USA. xvii + 600. 0-471-54713-1. .
