website: Catalog of Fishes, 02-Dec-2002; http://www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/
database: NODC Taxonomic Code;
Cooper, J. Andrew, and François Chapleau 1998-10-01. Fishery Bulletin, vol. 96, no. 4. . . 686-726. . .
Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998-01-01. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, USA. 2905. 0-940228-47-5. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25622932.
Eschmeyer, William N. 1990-01-01. Genera of Recent Fishes. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, CA, USA. iii + 697. 0-940228-23-8. .
Shiino, Sueo M. 1976-09-01. Science Report of Shima Marineland, no. 4. Shima Marineland. Kashikojima, Shima, Mie, Japan. 262. . .
