website: Catalog of Fishes, 27-Sep-2004; http://www.calacademy.org/research/ichthyology/catalog/
database: NODC Taxonomic Code;
Cohen, Daniel M., Tadashi Inada, Tomio Iwamoto, and Nadia Scialabba 1990-01-01. FAO Fisheries Synopsis, no. 125, vol. 10. Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations. Rome, Italy. x + 442. 92-5-102890-7. .
Eschmeyer, William N., ed. 1998-01-01. Special Publication of the Center for Biodiversity Research and Information, no. 1, vol 1-3. California Academy of Sciences. San Francisco, California, USA. 2905. 0-940228-47-5. http://www.jstor.org/stable/25622932.
Shiino, Sueo M. 1976-09-01. Science Report of Shima Marineland, no. 4. Shima Marineland. Kashikojima, Shima, Mie, Japan. 262. . .
Nelson, Joseph S. 1994-01-01. Fishes of the World, Third Edition. John Wiley and Sons. New York, New York, USA. xvii + 600. 0-471-54713-1. .
